Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Studies

Abstract Nowadays, financing is one of the fundamental challenges facing economic enterprises, influencing all organizational activities related to product manufacturing and service provision. Given the importance of the steel industry as the second-largest non-oil export sector in the country—alongside the threats and opportunities in global trade—assessing an organization's ability to manage risks in this field is of undeniable significance. Effective financing methods play a crucial role in sustaining operations, executing profitable projects, and ensuring companies' survival in today's competitive landscape. This study aims to identify and rank risk control factors in financing the steel industry, with a focus on Esfarayen Steel Company. The research follows a descriptive, survey-based, and applied methodology. Experts and specialists in the steel sector were consulted to identify key risk control factors, and their rankings were determined using the Delphi method and pairwise comparisons. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 23) and Expert Choice (version 11). The results indicate that exchange rate risk is the most critical factor, followed by sanctions, export reduction, interest rate fluctuations, market recession, economic instability, and bankruptcy risk. Sharia compliance risk was ranked the lowest. The study suggests risk mitigation as the most effective approach for managing exchange rate risk and provides further recommendations for addressing other financial risks.

Abstract Environmental pollution and the deterioration of natural resources are now considered significant challenges in human societies. In fact, environmental pollution is mainly caused by manufacturing industries. Most industries (e.g., the cement industry) employ the green supply chain to overcome ecological problems, a goal that requires various techniques for quantifying the environmental impacts on the supply chain to improve processes. This study aimed to evaluate the green supply chain performance at 11 cement manufacturing factories through the hybrid BSC–DEA approach within the 2018–2020 period. After the principal indices were identified and placed in each perspective of the balanced scorecard (BSC), the DEMATEL technique was adopted to determine the relationships of perspectives. The multistage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was then employed to measure the efficiency of each BSC perspective and the total network efficiency. Finally, reference units were introduced to improve the inefficient units. According to the results, managers focus mainly on the financial section and customers but pay less attention to growth and learning. The organization yielded the best efficiency in 2020 by following an upward trend. The energy consumption rate, clinker–cement ratio, and CO2 emission rate were analyzed in this study to better investigate the environmental problems in the cement industry. Most of the units followed upward trends in both CO2 emission and energy consumption but experienced a downward trend in clinker production.

Abstract Game theory is the study of mathematical models and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. This paper provides a flexible model to calculate pay-off matrix based on several importance factors. This model is adapted by cooperative game and developed for some competitive advantages sections in pharmaceutical industry. An optimum solution is derived by considering Nash equilibrium method for each section. Cooperative game extended for three players in a common market. Each player is looking for increase its market share with respect to participation of other competitors. Due to factors like capability of players to perform their strategic behaviors, market share adjustment by face to face comparison, the ability of any player in defined section and the importance of competitive advantage for players is basis of the calculation. A random example has been generated that the result of which led to achieve equilibrium market share for three players.