A Bi-Level Optimization for Supply Chains of Deteriorating Products: Integrating Cold Plasma Technology to Enhance Profitability and Reduce Emissions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran.

10.22116/jiems.2026.556617.1622
Abstract
In this paper, a bi-level optimization model is proposed for managing the supply chain of deteriorating products utilizing cold plasma technology. The model aims to simultaneously optimize the profitability of the manufacturer and retailer, reduce product waste, and lower carbon emissions. Cold plasma plays a pivotal role in extending product shelf life and reducing deterioration rates, which subsequently contributes to waste reduction and increased profitability. Moreover, this technology aids in minimizing greenhouse gas emissions throughout the supply chain and is considered a sustainable environmental solution. The model's results demonstrate that employing cold plasma leads to a significant reduction in waste and enhances both the manufacturer’s and retailer’s profits. The analysis further reveals that supply chain management strategies must adapt in response to varying deterioration rates. Based on these insights, companies should progressively shift towards sustainability and waste reduction, benefiting not only the environment but also their profitability. Implementing practical solutions and adopting efficient strategies can yield positive impacts on the overall profitability and efficiency of the supply chain. This paper investigates the economic and environmental aspects of employing cold plasma technology in the supply chain of deteriorating products and provides actionable recommendations for its practical implementation.

Keywords


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